DOH Advisory on Anthrax

17 October 2001

Anthrax is a clinical illness caused by a bacteria, Bacillus anthracis. The three main types of anthrax are cutaneous (acquired through direct skin contact with a source), gastrointestinal (acquired by ingestion), an inhalational (acquired through the airways from environmental sources). Anthrax in NOT contagious, meaning it CANNOT be transmitted from one person to another.

Cultaneous anthrax is characterized by itching of the exposed part followed by a vesicle which develops into a depressed black wound (eschar). Gastrointestinal anthrax is characterized by abdominal pain. Inhalational anthrax is characterized by fever, malaise, cough and chest pain followed by severe respiratory distress.

Anthrax can be diagnosed through clinical findings and history of exposure. The diagnosis can be confirmed by smear and culture of blood, lesions or discharges. Patients are treated with antibiotics.

In case of accidental exposure, antibiotics taken immediately after exposure can provide protection.

Suspected cases should be immediately reported to the Department of Health National Epidemiology Center

(Tel. No. 72-3945 or 743-1937) for investigation